(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
shuffle — Mischt die Elemente eines Arrays
Diese Funktion mischt die Elemente eines Arrays zufällig (shuffle).
Diese Funktion erzeugt keine kryptografisch sicheren Werte und darf nicht für kryptografische Zwecke verwendet werden oder für Zwecke, bei denen die zurückgegebenen Werte nicht abschätzbar sein dürfen.
Falls kryptographisch sichere Zufallszahlen benötigt werden, kann der Random\Randomizer mit der Random\Engine\Secure-Engine verwendet werden. Für einfache Anwendungsfälle bieten die Funktionen random_int() und random_bytes() eine bequeme und sichere API, die den CSPRNG des Betriebssystems verwendet.
arrayDas zu modifizierende Array.
Gibt immer true zurück.
| Version | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
| 7.1.0 | Der interne Algorithmus zur Erzeugung von Zufallszahlen wurde geändert, sodass statt der libc-rand-Funktion nun der » Mersenne-Twister-Zufallszahlengenerator zum Einsatz kommt. |
Beispiel #1 shuffle()-Beispiel
<?php
$numbers = range(1, 20);
shuffle($numbers);
foreach ($numbers as $number) {
echo "$number ";
}
?>Hinweis: Diese Funktion weist den Elementen des Arrays
arrayneue Schlüssel zu. Bestehende Schlüssel, die bereits zugewiesen wurden, werden entfernt statt einfach nur die Schlüssel neu anzuordnen
Hinweis:
Setzt den internen Zeiger des Arrays auf das erste Element zurück.
shuffle for associative arrays, preserves key=>value pairs.
(Based on (Vladimir Kornea of typetango.com)'s function)
<?php
function shuffle_assoc(&$array) {
$keys = array_keys($array);
shuffle($keys);
foreach($keys as $key) {
$new[$key] = $array[$key];
}
$array = $new;
return true;
}
?>
*note: as of PHP 5.2.10, array_rand's resulting array of keys is no longer shuffled, so we use array_keys + shuffle.Shuffle associative and non-associative array while preserving key, value pairs. Also returns the shuffled array instead of shuffling it in place.
<?php
function shuffle_assoc($list) {
if (!is_array($list)) return $list;
$keys = array_keys($list);
shuffle($keys);
$random = array();
foreach ($keys as $key)
$random[$key] = $list[$key];
return $random;
}
?>I needed a simple function two shuffle a two dimensional array. Please note the second level arrays must be indexed using integers, for example $myarray[0]["Name"] and not $myarray["One"]["Name"]. Here is the function:
<?php
function twodshuffle($array)
{
// Get array length
$count = count($array);
// Create a range of indicies
$indi = range(0,$count-1);
// Randomize indicies array
shuffle($indi);
// Initialize new array
$newarray = array($count);
// Holds current index
$i = 0;
// Shuffle multidimensional array
foreach ($indi as $index)
{
$newarray[$i] = $array[$index];
$i++;
}
return $newarray;
}
?>
Please note it only works on two dimensional arrays. Here is an example:
<?php
$myarray = array("Google" => array("Name" => "Google", "URL" => "www.google.com", "Usage" => "Googling"), "Yahoo" => array("Name" => "Yahoo", "URL" => "www.yahoo.com", "Usage" => "Yahooing?"), "Ask" => array("Name" => "Ask", "URL" => "www.ask.com", "Usage" => "Asking Jeeves"));
print_r(twodshuffle($myarray));
/* And the result is:
Array ( [0] => Array ( [Name] => Ask [URL] => www.ask.com [Usage] => Asking Jeeves ) [1] => Array ( [Name] => Google [URL] => www.google.com [Usage] => Googling ) [2] => Array ( [Name] => Yahoo [URL] => www.yahoo.com [Usage] => Yahooing? ) )
*/
?>
Hope you find it useful!Building on examples by m227 and pineappleclock, here is a function that returns all permutations of each set in the power set of an array of strings (instead of a string). Thanks for the great examples!
<?php
/*
Use: $arr = power_perms($in);
Example:
$in = array("A","B","C");
$power_perms = power_perms($in);
Returns:
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[0] => A
[1] => B
[2] => C
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => A
[1] => C
[2] => B
)
[2] => Array
(
[0] => B
[1] => A
[2] => C
)
[3] => Array
(
[0] => B
[1] => C
[2] => A
)
[4] => Array
(
[0] => C
[1] => A
[2] => B
)
[5] => Array
(
[0] => C
[1] => B
[2] => A
)
[6] => Array
(
[0] => A
[1] => B
)
[7] => Array
(
[0] => B
[1] => A
)
[8] => Array
(
[0] => B
[1] => C
)
[9] => Array
(
[0] => C
[1] => B
)
[10] => Array
(
[0] => A
[1] => C
)
[11] => Array
(
[0] => C
[1] => A
)
[12] => Array
(
[0] => A
)
[13] => Array
(
[0] => B
)
[14] => Array
(
[0] => C
)
)
*/
function power_perms($arr) {
$power_set = power_set($arr);
$result = array();
foreach($power_set as $set) {
$perms = perms($set);
$result = array_merge($result,$perms);
}
return $result;
}
function power_set($in,$minLength = 1) {
$count = count($in);
$members = pow(2,$count);
$return = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < $members; $i++) {
$b = sprintf("%0".$count."b",$i);
$out = array();
for ($j = 0; $j < $count; $j++) {
if ($b{$j} == '1') $out[] = $in[$j];
}
if (count($out) >= $minLength) {
$return[] = $out;
}
}
//usort($return,"cmp"); //can sort here by length
return $return;
}
function factorial($int){
if($int < 2) {
return 1;
}
for($f = 2; $int-1 > 1; $f *= $int--);
return $f;
}
function perm($arr, $nth = null) {
if ($nth === null) {
return perms($arr);
}
$result = array();
$length = count($arr);
while ($length--) {
$f = factorial($length);
$p = floor($nth / $f);
$result[] = $arr[$p];
array_delete_by_key($arr, $p);
$nth -= $p * $f;
}
$result = array_merge($result,$arr);
return $result;
}
function perms($arr) {
$p = array();
for ($i=0; $i < factorial(count($arr)); $i++) {
$p[] = perm($arr, $i);
}
return $p;
}
function array_delete_by_key(&$array, $delete_key, $use_old_keys = FALSE) {
unset($array[$delete_key]);
if(!$use_old_keys) {
$array = array_values($array);
}
return TRUE;
}
?>If you want the Power Set (set of all unique subsets) of an array instead of permutations, you can use this simple algorithm:
<?php
/**
* Returns the power set of a one dimensional array,
* a 2-D array.
* array(a,b,c) ->
* array(array(a),array(b),array(c),array(a,b),array(b,c),array(a,b,c))
*/
function powerSet($in,$minLength = 1) {
$count = count($in);
$members = pow(2,$count);
$return = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < $members; $i++) {
$b = sprintf("%0".$count."b",$i);
$out = array();
for ($j = 0; $j < $count; $j++) {
if ($b{$j} == '1') $out[] = $in[$j];
}
if (count($out) >= $minLength) {
$return[] = $out;
}
}
return $return;
}
?>This seems to do reasonably well as a shuffle() that preserves index assocation:
<?php
function ashuffle (&$arr) {
uasort($arr, function ($a, $b) {
return rand(-1, 1);
});
}
?>
Obviously only works if PHP has closures enabled...There is an function which uses native shuffle() but preserves keys, and their order, so at end, only values are shuffled.
<?PHP
/**
* Array Quake - Give an array good quake so every value will endup with random given space.
* Keys, and their order are preserved.
* @author xZero <xzero@elite7hackers.net>
* @param array $array
* @return boolean false on failure
*/
function array_quake(&$array) {
if (is_array($array)) {
$keys = array_keys($array); // We need this to preserve keys
$temp = $array;
$array = NULL;
shuffle($temp); // Array shuffle
foreach ($temp as $k => $item) {
$array[$keys[$k]] = $item;
}
return;
}
return false;
}
// Example
$numbers = array(
'ZERO' => 0,
'ONE' => 1,
'TWO' => 2,
'THREE' => 3,
'FOUR' => 4,
'FIVE' => 5,
'SIX' => 6,
'SEVEN' => 7,
'EIGHT' => 8,
'NINE' => 9
);
echo "\nBefore (original):\n";
print_r($numbers);
array_quake($numbers);
echo "\n\nAfter (Array Quake);\n";
print_r($numbers);
echo "\n";
?>
Result example:
Before (original):
Array
(
[ZERO] => 0
[ONE] => 1
[TWO] => 2
[THREE] => 3
[FOUR] => 4
[FIVE] => 5
[SIX] => 6
[SEVEN] => 7
[EIGHT] => 8
[NINE] => 9
)
After (Array Quake);
Array
(
[ZERO] => 4
[ONE] => 2
[TWO] => 0
[THREE] => 8
[FOUR] => 3
[FIVE] => 6
[SIX] => 1
[SEVEN] => 7
[EIGHT] => 5
[NINE] => 9
)Here is IMO the simplest and extremely fast way to shuffle an associative array AND keep the key=>value relationship. However, it ONLY works if there are NO NUMERIC keys AT ALL. Look into array_merge for the reason why.
<?php
$unshuffled = array('one'=>1,'two'=>2,'three'=>3);
$shuffled = array_merge( array_flip(array_rand($unshuffled,count($unshuffled))),$unshuffled );
?>
peaceI've been wondering why shuffle() doesn't provide the shuffled array as a return value instead of a bool. I mean, what could possibly go wrong in shuffling elements from an array?
So I use something like this:
<?php
function array_shuffle($array) {
if (shuffle($array)) {
return $array;
} else {
return FALSE;
}
}
?>This is a replica of shuffle() but preserving keys (associative and non-associative)
bool kshuffle ( array &$array )
<?php
function kshuffle(&$array) {
if(!is_array($array) || empty($array)) {
return false;
}
$tmp = array();
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
$tmp[] = array('k' => $key, 'v' => $value);
}
shuffle($tmp);
$array = array();
foreach($tmp as $entry) {
$array[$entry['k']] = $entry['v'];
}
return true;
}
$array = array('first' => 0, 'second' => 1, 'third' => 2);
kshuffle($array);
print_r($array); // [second] => 1 [first] => 0 [third] => 2
$array = array('first', 'second', 'third');
kshuffle($array);
print_r($array); // [1] => second [2] => third [0] => first
?>Many people in SEO need to supply an array and shuffle the results and need the same result each time that page is generated. This is my implementation with a working example:
<?php
function seoShuffle(&$items,$string) {
mt_srand(strlen($string));
for ($i = count($items) - 1; $i > 0; $i--){
$j = @mt_rand(0, $i);
$tmp = $items[$i];
$items[$i] = $items[$j];
$items[$j] = $tmp;
}
}
$items = array('one','two','three','four','five','six');
$string = 'whatever';
echo '<pre>';
print_r($items);
echo '</pre>';
seoShuffle($items,$string);
echo '<pre>';
print_r($items);
echo '</pre>';
?>Here i wrote a custom shuffle function which preserves the array index and distributes the array element randomly.
<?php
/*
* return an array whose elements are shuffled in random order.
*/
function custom_shuffle($my_array = array()) {
$copy = array();
while (count($my_array)) {
// takes a rand array elements by its key
$element = array_rand($my_array);
// assign the array and its value to an another array
$copy[$element] = $my_array[$element];
//delete the element from source array
unset($my_array[$element]);
}
return $copy;
}
$array = array(
'a' => 'apple',
'b' => 'ball',
'c' => 'cat',
'd' => 'dog',
'e' => 'egg',
'f' => 'fan',
'g' => 'gun'
);
print_r(custom_shuffle($array));
Array
(
[c] => cat
[e] => egg
[f] => fan
[a] => apple
[b] => ball
[g] => gun
[d] => dog
)
?>Copy and paste this script and refresh the page to see the shuffling effect.
<?php
/**
* Shuffles and displays cards in a deck
* @author: Eric Anderson
* @filename: deckofcards.php
*/
// Create an array of face values
// and an array of card values
// then merge them together
$cards = array_merge(array("J", "Q", "K", "A"), range(2,10)); // 13 cards
// Shuffle the cards
shuffle($cards);
// Create an multidimentional array to hold the 4 suits
$suits = array(
'Heart' => array(),
'Spade' => array(),
'Diamond' => array(),
'Club' => array()
);
// Add cards to their respective suits
for($i = 0; $i < count($suits); $i++)
{
for($j = 0; $j < count($cards); $j++)
{
$suits['Heart'][$j] = $cards[$j]."<span style=color:#FF0000;>♥</span>";
$suits['Spade'][$j] = $cards[$j]."♠";
$suits['Diamond'][$j] = $cards[$j]."<span style=color:#FF0000;>♦</span>";
$suits['Club'][$j] = $cards[$j]."♣";
}
}
// Create a deck
$deck = array();
// Merge the suits into the empty deck array
$deck = array_merge($deck, $suits);
// Display the deck to the screen
echo "<p><b>Deck of cards:</b></p>";
foreach($deck as $k1 => $v1)
{
// Display suit name
echo "<p> $k1's<br /> {<br />  ";
$acc = 0;
// Display card value
foreach($v1 as $k2 => $v2)
{
echo "$v2 ";
$acc++;
if ($acc == 4)
{
echo "<br />  ";
$acc = 0;
}
}
echo "<br /> }</p>";
}
?>Here is a quick function I wrote that generates a random password and uses shuffle() to easily shuffle the order.
<?php
public function randPass($upper = 3, $lower = 3, $numeric = 3, $other = 2) {
//we need these vars to create a password string
$passOrder = Array();
$passWord = '';
//generate the contents of the password
for ($i = 0; $i < $upper; $i++) {
$passOrder[] = chr(rand(65, 90));
}
for ($i = 0; $i < $lower; $i++) {
$passOrder[] = chr(rand(97, 122));
}
for ($i = 0; $i < $numeric; $i++) {
$passOrder[] = chr(rand(48, 57));
}
for ($i = 0; $i < $other; $i++) {
$passOrder[] = chr(rand(33, 47));
}
//randomize the order of characters
shuffle($passOrder);
//concatenate into a string
foreach ($passOrder as $char) {
$passWord .= $char;
}
//we're done
return $passWord;
}
?>Another shuffle() implementation that preserves keys, does not use extra memory and perhaps is a bit easier to grasp.
<?php
if (function_exists('shuffle_with_keys')===false) {
function shuffle_with_keys(&$array) {
/* Auxiliary array to hold the new order */
$aux = array();
/* We work with an array of the keys */
$keys = array_keys($array);
/* We shuffle the keys */
shuffle($keys);
/* We iterate thru' the new order of the keys */
foreach($keys as $key) {
/* We insert the key, value pair in its new order */
$aux[$key] = $array[$key];
/* We remove the element from the old array to save memory */
unset($array[$key]);
}
/* The auxiliary array with the new order overwrites the old variable */
$array = $aux;
}
}
?>implementation of shuffle() using random_int()
<?php
function random_int_shuffle ( array $array ): array
{
$array = array_values($array);
$result = [];
$skip_indexes = [];
$sizeof_array = count($array);
for ( $i = 0; $i < $sizeof_array; $i++ )
{
do
{
$random_index = random_int(0, $sizeof_array);
} while ( in_array($random_index, $skip_indexes) );
$skip_indexes[] = $random_index;
$result[] = $array[$random_index];
}
return $result;
}
?>