preg_split

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

preg_split — 正規表現で文字列を分割する

説明

preg_split(
    string $pattern,
    string $subject,
    int $limit = -1,
    int $flags = 0
): array|false

指定した文字列を、正規表現で分割します。

パラメータ

pattern

検索するパターンを表す文字列。

subject

入力文字列。

limit

これを指定した場合、最大 limit 個の部分文字列を返します。残りの文字列は、最後の部分文字列に含めて返されます。 limit が -1 あるいは 0 の場合は「制限が無い」ことを意味します。

flags

flags は、次のフラグを組み合わせたものとする（ビット和演算子 | で組み合わせる）ことが可能です。

PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY: このフラグを設定すると、空文字列でないものだけが preg_split() により返されます。
PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE: このフラグを設定すると、文字列分割用のパターン中のカッコによるサブパターンでキャプチャされた値も同時に返されます。
PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE: このフラグを設定した場合、各マッチに対応する文字列のオフセットも返されます。これにより、戻り値は配列となり、配列の要素 0 はマッチした文字列、要素 1 は subject におけるマッチした文字列のオフセット値となることに注意してください。

戻り値

pattern にマッチした境界で分割した subject の部分文字列の配列を返します。失敗した場合に false を返します。

エラー / 例外

渡された正規表現のパターンがコンパイルできない場合、E_WARNING が発生します。

例

例1 preg_split() の例 : 検索文字列のある部分を取得

<?php
// カンマまたは " ", \r, \t, \n , \f などの空白文字で句を分割する。
$keywords = preg_split("/[\s,]+/", "hypertext language, programming");
print_r($keywords);
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

Array
(
    [0] => hypertext
    [1] => language
    [2] => programming
)

例2 文字列を文字要素に分割

<?php
$str = 'string';
$chars = preg_split('//', $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
print_r($chars);
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

Array
(
    [0] => s
    [1] => t
    [2] => r
    [3] => i
    [4] => n
    [5] => g
)

例3 文字列をマッチするものとそのオフセットに分割

<?php
$str = 'hypertext language programming';
$chars = preg_split('/ /', $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE);
print_r($chars);
?>

上の例の出力は以下となります。

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => hypertext
            [1] => 0
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => language
            [1] => 10
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => programming
            [1] => 19
        )

)

注意

ヒント

正規表現の威力を必要としないのなら、より高速な (機能はシンプルですが) 代替関数として explode() あるいは str_split() のような選択肢があります。

ヒント

マッチングに失敗した場合は、要素が一つだけの配列を返します。その要素の内容は、入力文字列そのままになります。

参考

PCRE のパターン
preg_quote() - 正規表現文字をクオートする
implode() - 配列要素を文字列により連結する
preg_match() - 正規表現によるマッチングを行う
preg_match_all() - 繰り返し正規表現検索を行う
preg_replace() - 正規表現検索および置換を行う
preg_last_error() - 直近の PCRE 正規表現処理のエラーコードを返す

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User Contributed Notes 18 notes

down

jan dot sochor at icebolt dot info ¶

15 years ago

Sometimes PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE does strange results.

<?php
$content = '<strong>Lorem ipsum dolor</strong> sit <img src="test.png" />amet <span class="test" style="color:red">consec<i>tet</i>uer</span>.';
$chars = preg_split('/<[^>]*[^\/]>/i', $content, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
print_r($chars);
?>
Produces:
Array
(
    [0] => Lorem ipsum dolor
    [1] =>  sit <img src="test.png" />amet 
    [2] => consec
    [3] => tet
    [4] => uer
)

So that the delimiter patterns are missing. If you wanna get these patters remember to use parentheses.

<?php
$chars = preg_split('/(<[^>]*[^\/]>)/i', $content, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
print_r($chars); //parentheses added
?>
Produces:
Array
(
    [0] => <strong>
    [1] => Lorem ipsum dolor
    [2] => </strong>
    [3] =>  sit <img src="test.png" />amet 
    [4] => <span class="test" style="color:red">
    [5] => consec
    [6] => <i>
    [7] => tet
    [8] => </i>
    [9] => uer
    [10] => </span>
    [11] => .
)

down

buzoganylaszlo at yahoo dot com ¶

15 years ago

Extending m.timmermans's solution, you can use the following code as a search expression parser:

<?php
$search_expression = "apple bear \"Tom Cruise\" or 'Mickey Mouse' another word";
$words = preg_split("/[\s,]*\\\"([^\\\"]+)\\\"[\s,]*|" . "[\s,]*'([^']+)'[\s,]*|" . "[\s,]+/", $search_expression, 0, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
print_r($words);
?>

The result will be:
Array
(
    [0] => apple
    [1] => bear
    [2] => Tom Cruise
    [3] => or
    [4] => Mickey Mouse
    [5] => another
    [6] => word
)

1. Accepted delimiters: white spaces (space, tab, new line etc.) and commas.

2. You can use either simple (') or double (") quotes for expressions which contains more than one word.

down

canadian dot in dot exile at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago

This regular expression will split a long string of words into an array of sub-strings, of some maximum length, but only on word-boundries.

I use the reg-ex with preg_match_all(); but, I'm posting this example here (on the page for preg_split()) because that's where I looked when I wanted to find a way to do this.

Hope it saves someone some time.

<?php
// example of a long string of words
$long_string = 'Your IP Address will be logged with the submitted note and made public on the PHP manual user notes mailing list. The IP address is logged as part of the notes moderation process, and won\'t be shown within the PHP manual itself.';

// "word-wrap" at, for example, 60 characters or less
$max_len = 60;

// this regular expression will split $long_string on any sub-string of
// 1-or-more non-word characters (spaces or punctuation)
if(preg_match_all("/.{1,{$max_len}}(?=\W+)/", $long_string, $lines) !== False) {

    // $lines now contains an array of sub-strings, each will be approx.
    // $max_len characters - depending on where the last word ended and
    // the number of 'non-word' characters found after the last word
    for ($i=0; $i < count($lines[0]); $i++) {
        echo "[$i] {$lines[0][$i]}\n";
    }
}
?>

down

Hayley Watson ¶

5 years ago

Assuming you're using UTF-8, this function can be used to separate Unicode text into individual codepoints without the need for the multibyte extension.

<?php

preg_split('//u', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);

?>

The words "English", "Español", and "Русский" are all seven letters long. But strlen would report string lengths 7, 8 and 14, respectively. The preg_split above would return a seven-element array in all three cases. 

It splits '한국어' into the array ['한', '국', '어'] instead of the 9-character array that str_split($text) would produce.

down

eric at clarinova dot com ¶

13 years ago

Here is another way to split a CamelCase string, which is a simpler expression than the one using lookaheads and lookbehinds: 

preg_split('/([[:upper:]][[:lower:]]+)/', $last, null, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE|PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)

It makes the entire CamelCased word the delimiter, then returns the delimiters (PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE) and omits the empty values between the delimiters (PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)

down

Daniel Schroeder ¶

14 years ago

If you want to split by a char, but want to ignore that char in case it is escaped, use a lookbehind assertion.



In this example a string will be split by ":" but "\:" will be ignored:



<?php

$string='a:b:c\:d';

$array=preg_split('#(?<!\\\)\:#',$string);

print_r($array);

?>



Results into:



Array

(

    [0] => a

    [1] => b

    [2] => c\:d

)

down

dewi at dewimorgan dot com ¶

3 years ago

Beware that it is not safe to assume there are no empty values returned by PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY, nor that you will see no delimiters if you use PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE, as there are some edge cases where these are not true.

<?php
# As expected, splitting a string by itself returns two empty strings:
var_export(preg_split("/x/", "x"));

array (
  0 => '',
  1 => '',
)

# But if we add PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY, then instead of an empty array, we get the delimiter.
var_export(preg_split("/x/", "x", PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY));

array (
  0 => 'x',
)

And if we try to split an empty string, then instead of an empty array, we get an empty string even with PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY.
var_export(preg_split("/x/", "", PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY));

array (
  0 => '',
)
?>

down

PhoneixSegovia at gmail dot com ¶

13 years ago

You must be caution when using lookbehind to a variable match.
For example:
'/(?<!\\\)\r?\n)/'
 to match a new line when not \ is before it don't go as spected as it match \r as the lookbehind (becouse isn't a \) and is optional before \n.

You must use this for example:
'/((?<!\\\|\r)\n)|((?<!\\\)\r\n)/'
That match a alone \n (not preceded by \r or \) or a \r\n not preceded by a \.

down

Steve ¶

19 years ago

preg_split() behaves differently from perl's split() if the string ends with a delimiter. This perl snippet will print 5:



my @a = split(/ /, "a b c d e ");

print scalar @a;



The corresponding php code prints 6:



<?php print count(preg_split("/ /", "a b c d e ")); ?>



This is not necessarily a bug (nowhere does the documentation say that preg_split() behaves the same as perl's split()) but it might surprise perl programmers.

down

php at dmi dot me dot uk ¶

15 years ago

To split a camel-cased string using preg_split() with lookaheads and lookbehinds:

<?php
function splitCamelCase($str) {
  return preg_split('/(?<=\\w)(?=[A-Z])/', $str);
}
?>

down

jetsoft at iinet.net.au ¶

20 years ago

To clarify the "limit" parameter and the PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE option,



<?php

$preg_split('(/ /)', '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', 4 ,PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE );

?>



returns:



('1', ' ', '2', ' ' , '3', ' ', '4 5 6 7 8')



So you actually get 7 array items not 4

down

csaba at alum dot mit dot edu ¶

15 years ago

If the task is too complicated for preg_split, preg_match_all might come in handy, since preg_split is essentially a special case.

I wanted to split a string on a certain character (asterisk), but only if it wasn't escaped (by a preceding backslash).  Thus, I should ensure an even number of backslashes before any asterisk meant as a splitter.  Look-behind in a regular expression wouldn't work since the length of the preceding backslash sequence can't be fixed.  So I turned to preg_match_all:

<?php
// split a string at unescaped asterisks
// where backslash is the escape character
$splitter = "/\\*((?:[^\\\\*]|\\\\.)*)/";
preg_match_all($splitter, "*$string", $aPieces, PREG_PATTERN_ORDER);
$aPieces = $aPieces[1];

// $aPieces now contains the exploded string
// and unescaping can be safely done on each piece
foreach ($aPieces as $idx=>$piece)
  $aPieces[$idx] = preg_replace("/\\\\(.)/s", "$1", $piece);
?>

down

david dot binovec at gmail dot com ¶

13 years ago

Limit = 1 may be confusing. The important thing is that in case of limit equals to 1 will produce only ONE substring. Ergo the only one substring will be the first one as well as the last one. Tnat the rest of the string (after the first delimiter) will be placed to the last substring. But last is the first and only one.

<?php

$output = $preg_split('(/ /)', '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', 1); 

echo $output[0] //will return whole string!;

$output = $preg_split('(/ /)', '1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8', 2); 

echo $output[0] //will return 1;
echo $output[1] //will return '2 3 4 5 6 7 8';

?>

down

Miller ¶

10 years ago

This is a function to truncate a string of text while preserving the whitespace (for instance, getting an excerpt from an article while maintaining newlines). It will not jive well with HTML, of course.

<?php
/**
 * Truncates a string of text by word count
 * @param string $text The text to truncate
 * @param int $max_words The maximum number of words
 * @return string The truncated text
 */
function limit_words ($text, $max_words) {
    $split = preg_split('/(\s+)/', $text, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
    $truncated = '';
    for ($i = 0; $i < min(count($split), $max_words*2); $i += 2) {
        $truncated .= $split[$i].$split[$i+1];
    }
    return trim($truncated);
}
?>

down

Walf ¶

2 years ago

Using PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE without PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY guarantees that all the odd-numbered keys in the result will contain the delimiters. This makes further processing more predictable, and empty strings can always be filtered out at the end.

down

kenorb at gmail dot com ¶

15 years ago

If you need convert function arguments without default default values and references, you can try this code:

<?php
    $func_args = '$node, $op, $a3 = NULL, $form = array(), $a4 = NULL'
    $call_arg = preg_match_all('@(?<func_arg>\$[^,= ]+)@i', $func_args, $matches);
    $call_arg = implode(',', $matches['func_arg']);
?>
Result: string = "$node,$op,$a3,$form,$a4"

down

-3

markac ¶

9 years ago

Split string into words.

<?php
$string = 'This - is a, very dirty "string" :-)';

// split into words
$wordlist = preg_split('/\W/', $string, 0, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);

// returns only words that have minimum 2 chars
$wordlist = array_filter($wordlist, function($val) {
  return strlen($val) >= 2;
});

// print
var_dump($wordlist);
?>

Result:

array (size=5)
  0 => string 'This' (length=4)
  1 => string 'is' (length=2)
  3 => string 'very' (length=4)
  4 => string 'dirty' (length=5)
  5 => string 'string' (length=6)

down

-3

php at haravikk dot me ¶

8 years ago

When using the PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE option you will end up with all results in a single array, which is often undesirable as it means you then have to filter out any delimiters you wanted to check for but not keep.

To get around this you can instead use preg_match_all() to perform the split. For comparison, here are two examples, both splitting around colon and semi-colon characters:

<?php $pieces_with_delimiters = preg_split('/[;:]/', $input, -1, PREG_SPLIT_OFFSET_CAPTURE); ?>

<?php preg_match_all('/([^;:]*)([;:]|$)/', $input, $matches);
list(, $pieces, $delimiters) = $matches ?>

The latter requires a more complex pattern, but produces a much more convenient set of results to work with, depending upon what you want to do with them.

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