mysqli::set_charset

mysqli_set_charset

(PHP 5 >= 5.0.5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

mysqli::set_charset -- mysqli_set_charset — Establece el conjunto de caracteres predeterminado del cliente

Descripción

Estilo orientado a objetos

mysqli::set_charset(string $charset): bool

Estilo por procedimientos

mysqli_set_charset(mysqli $link, string $charset): bool

Establece el conjunto de caracteres predeterminado a usar cuando se envían datos desde y hacia el servidor de la base de datos.

Parámetros

link: Sólo estilo por procediminetos: Un identificador de enlace devuelto por mysqli_connect() o mysqli_init()
charset: El conjunto de caracteres a establecer como predeterminado.

Valores devueltos

Devuelve true en caso de éxito o false en caso de error.

Notas

Nota:
Para usar esta función en una plataforma Windows se necesita la biblioteca cliente de MySQL version 4.1.11 o superior (para MySQL 5.0 se necesita 5.0.6 o superior).

Nota:
Esta es la mejor forma de cambiar el conjunto de caracteres. No se recomienda usar mysqli_query() para establecerlo (como SET NAMES utf8). Véase la sección Conceptos del conjunto de caracteres de MySQL para más información.

Ejemplos

Ejemplo #1 Ejemplo de mysqli::set_charset()

Estilo orientado a objetos

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli("localhost", "mi_usuario", "mi_contraseña", "test");

/* verificar la conexión */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Falló la conexión: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

printf("Conjunto de caracteres inicial: %s\n", $mysqli->character_set_name());

/* cambiar el conjunto de caracteres a utf8 */
if (!$mysqli->set_charset("utf8")) {
    printf("Error cargando el conjunto de caracteres utf8: %s\n", $mysqli->error);
    exit();
} else {
    printf("Conjunto de caracteres actual: %s\n", $mysqli->character_set_name());
}

$mysqli->close();
?>

Estilo por procedimientos

<?php
$enlace = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'mi_usuario', 'mi_contraseña', 'test');

/* verificar la conexión */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Falló la conexión: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

printf("Conjunto de caracteres inicial: %s\n", mysqli_character_set_name($enlace));

/* cambiar el conjunto de caracteres a utf8 */
if (!mysqli_set_charset($enlace, "utf8")) {
    printf("Error cargando el conjunto de caracteres utf8: %s\n", mysqli_error($enlace));
    exit();
} else {
    printf("Conjunto de caracteres actual: %s\n", mysqli_character_set_name($enlace));
}

mysqli_close($enlace);
?>

El resultado de los ejemplos sería algo similar a:

Conjunto de caracteres inicial: latin1
Conjunto de caracteres actual: utf8

Ver también

mysqli_character_set_name() - Devuelve el juego de caracteres predeterminado para la conexión a la base de datos
mysqli_real_escape_string() - Escapa los caracteres especiales de una cadena para usarla en una sentencia SQL, tomando en cuenta el conjunto de caracteres actual de la conexión
Conceptos sobre conjuntos de caracteres de MySQL
» Listado de los conjuntos de caracteres admitidos por MySQL

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User Contributed Notes 5 notes

down

Konstantin Rozinov ¶

7 years ago

The comment by Claude (http://php.net/manual/en/mysqli.set-charset.php#121067) is CORRECT.

Setting the charset (it's really the encoding) like this after setting up your connection:
$connection->set_charset("utf8mb4")

FAILS to set the proper collation for the connection:

character_set_client: utf8mb4
character_set_connection: utf8mb4
character_set_database: utf8mb4
character_set_filesystem: binary
character_set_results: utf8mb4
character_set_server: utf8mb4
character_set_system: utf8
collation_connection: utf8mb4_general_ci <---- still says general
collation_database: utf8mb4_unicode_ci
collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci

If you use SET NAMES, that works:
$connection->query("SET NAMES utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci");

character_set_client: utf8mb4
character_set_connection: utf8mb4
character_set_database: utf8mb4
character_set_filesystem: binary
character_set_results: utf8mb4
character_set_server: utf8mb4
character_set_system: utf8
collation_connection: utf8mb4_unicode_ci <-- now says unicode
collation_database: utf8mb4_unicode_ci
collation_server: utf8mb4_unicode_ci

Please note, that I set the following variables on the server:

Set the following to be: utf8mb4_unicode_ci

character_set_client
character_set_connection
character_set_database
character_set_results
character_set_server

collation_connection 
collation_server

Set:

character-set-client-handshake = FALSE or 0
skip-character-set-client-handshake = TRUE or 1

down

Emmanuel Appiah ¶

8 years ago

So in my case, I had tried changing the collation from utf8mb4_unicode_ci for mysql and had to change it to uft8_general_ci.

Then pasted : 

mysqli_set_charset( $con, 'utf8');

right before I did the SELECT command.

This is my code for reading from db :

/*

$DB_SERVER="db_server_name";
$DB_USER_READER="root";
$DB_PASS_READER="passw*rd";
$DB_NAME="db_name";
$DB_PORT="port number";

$SELECT_WHAT="`name_of_column_as_in_your_table`";
$WHICH_TBL="`table_name`";
$ON_WHAT_CONDITION="`id`='7'";

*/

$con = mysqli_connect($DB_SERVER, $DB_USER_READER, $DB_PASS_READER, $DB_NAME, $DB_PORT);//this is the unique connection for the selection
    
    mysqli_set_charset( $con, 'utf8');
    
        
        $slct_stmnt = "SELECT ".$SELECT_WHAT." FROM ".$WHICH_TBL." WHERE ".$ON_WHAT_CONDITION;

    $slct_query = mysqli_query($con, $slct_stmnt);
    
        if ($slct_query==true) {
//Do your stuff here . . . 
}

And it worked like a charm. All the best. The above code can work with reading chineese, russian or arabic or any international language from the database's table column holding such data.

down

claude dot pache at gmail dot com ¶

7 years ago

Although the documentation says that using that function is preferred than using SET NAMES, it is not sufficient in case you use a collation different from the default one:

<?php
// That will reset collation_connection to latin1_swedish_ci
// (the default collation for latin1):
$mysqli->set_charset('latin1');

// You have to execute the following statement *after* mysqli::set_charset()
// in order to get the desired value for collation_connection:
$mysqli->query("SET NAMES latin1 COLLATE latin1_german1_ci");

down

-4

ASchmidt at Anamera dot net ¶

6 years ago

To align both the character set (e.g., utf8mb4) AND the collation sequence with the schema (database) settings:

<?php
$mysqli = new mysqli( DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_SCHEMA, DB_PORT );
if ( 0 !== $mysqli->connect_errno )
    throw new \Exception( $mysqli->connect_error, $mysqli->connect_errno );

if ( TRUE !== $mysqli->set_charset( 'utf8mb4' ) )
    throw new \Exception( $mysql->error, $mysqli->errno );

if ( TRUE !== $mysqli->query( 'SET collation_connection = @@collation_database;' ) )
    throw new \Exception( $mysql->error, $mysqli->errno );
?>

To confirm:

<?php 
echo 'character_set_name: ', $mysqli->character_set_name(), '<br />', PHP_EOL;
foreach( $mysqli->query( "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%_connection';" )->fetch_all() as $setting )
    echo $setting[0], ': ', $setting[1], '<br />', PHP_EOL;
?>

will output something like:
character_set_name: utf8mb4
character_set_connection: utf8mb4
collation_connection: utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci

down

-3

chris at ocproducts dot com ¶

6 years ago

Note that using utf8mb4 with this function may cause this function to return false, depending on the MySQL client library compiled into PHP. If the client library is older than the introduction of utf8mb4, then PHP's call of the libraries 'mysql_set_character_set' will return an error because it won't recognise that character set.

The only way you will know there's an error is by checking the return value, because PHP warnings are not emitted by this function.
mysqli_error will return something like:
"Can't initialize character set utf8mb4 (path: /usr/share/mysql/charsets/)"
(I don't think the directory has anything to do with it; I think the utf8mb4 vs utf8 distinction is handled internally)

A workaround is to recall with utf8, then do a 'SET NAMES' query with utf8mb4.

If your MySQL server is configured to use utf8 by default, then you may not notice any of this until you get obscure bugs. It seems it will still save into the database correctly in terms of bytes. However, you may get "Data too long for column" errors if you are truncating strings to fit fields, because from MySQL's point of view during the length check every 4-byte character will actually be multiple individual characters. This caused me hours of debugging.

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